- 1031 Exchange Rules: Timelines, Like-Kind Property and What Gets DeferredHow a 1031 exchange defers capital gains on a property sale: the like-kind and equal-value rules, the 45 and 180 day deadlines, and where exchanges fail.IRR calculator
- Break-Even Occupancy: How Empty a Rental Can Get Before It Loses MoneyThe break-even occupancy and break-even rent formulas for a rental property, worked with real numbers, and what the result says about risk and financing.Break-even calculator
- The BRRRR Method: Buy, Rehab, Rent, Refinance, Repeat, With the MathHow the BRRRR method works step by step, how much cash the refinance actually returns, and where the numbers break when the appraisal comes in low.BRRRR calculator
- Cap Rate vs Cash-on-Cash Return: When to Use Each MetricCap rate describes the building and ignores the loan. Cash-on-cash describes your cash after the loan. The formulas, the differences, and when each one answers the question.Cash-on-cash calculator
- Cash-on-Cash Return: Formula, Examples and How Leverage Changes ItHow to calculate cash-on-cash return on a rental, what counts as cash invested, worked examples at different down payments, and how leverage can push it negative.Cash-on-cash calculator
- DSCR Loans: How They Work and What Lenders RequireHow DSCR loans qualify an investment property on its rent instead of your income: minimum ratios, down payment and credit requirements, and what they cost.DSCR calculator
- How Fed Rate Changes Affect Real Estate InvestorsThe Fed sets an overnight rate. Your 30-year mortgage follows the 10-year Treasury. What each one moves, with FRED data from 2022 to 2026 and the duplex run at four rates.DSCR calculator
- Gross Rent Multiplier (GRM): Formula, Benchmarks and Its Blind SpotsHow to calculate gross rent multiplier, how to use it to screen deals and estimate value, typical GRM ranges by market, and why it ignores expenses.GRM calculator
- House Hacking: Living in a Rental You Own, With the NumbersHow house hacking works with a duplex, roommates, an ADU or short-term rooms, the owner-occupied financing that makes it possible, and the math on what it saves.Mortgage calculator
- The Three Rental Metrics to Learn First: NOI, Cap Rate and Cash-on-CashWhat NOI, cap rate and cash-on-cash return each measure, how they connect, and which question about a rental property each one answers.Cap rate calculator
- IRR in Real Estate: What It Measures and How to Calculate ItHow internal rate of return accounts for timing across a whole hold, from purchase to sale, how to calculate it in a spreadsheet, and how to read the result.IRR calculator
- Real Estate Market Cycles: The Four Phases and the Signals for EachThe four phases of a real estate market cycle, the indicators that show which phase a market is in, and how buy and hold decisions change with each phase.Rent vs buy calculator
- Rental Property ROI: How to Calculate It and What Moves ItThree ways to measure return on a rental, cash-on-cash, total ROI and cap rate, how each is calculated, and the levers that change the result.ROI calculator
- Rental Property Tax Deductions: 18 Expenses Landlords Can Write OffThe 18 main deductions on a rental property, from mortgage interest and depreciation to repairs and travel, and how repairs differ from capital improvements.ROI calculator
- Cap Rate Explained: Formula, Examples and What It Leaves OutHow to calculate cap rate from NOI and price, worked examples on a single-family rental and a fourplex, typical ranges by property type, and what cap rate ignores.Cap rate calculator
- What Is a Good Cap Rate? Benchmarks by Property TypeCurrent cap rate ranges for multifamily, industrial, retail and office by class and market tier, from published surveys, and how to judge a cap rate against them.Cap rate calculator
- DSCR Formula: How to Calculate Debt Service Coverage RatioThe DSCR formula, worked against a real duplex, plus the three levers that move it and the common error of double-counting taxes and insurance.DSCR calculator
- Net Operating Income Explained: The Number Every Other Metric Is Built OnHow to calculate net operating income for a rental property, what counts as an operating expense and what doesn't, and why NOI feeds cap rate, DSCR, and valuation all at once.NOI calculator
- Prorated Rent Explained: The Formula and the Three Methods That DisagreeHow to calculate prorated rent for a mid-month move-in or move-out, with the three proration methods landlords use and why they produce different numbers.Prorated rent calculator
- Rental Property Depreciation: How to Calculate ItHow rental property depreciation works: the 27.5-year formula, a worked example, what changed with 100% bonus depreciation in 2026, and the recapture tax at sale.ROI calculator
Guides
The metrics behind the calculators, each worked on the same $425,000 duplex so the numbers in the guide match the numbers in the calculator.